Cognizant Manual Testing Interview Questions
1. What is Software Testing?
Software Testing is a process used to identify the correctness, completeness, and quality of developed software. It includes a series of activities conducted with the intent of finding errors in software so that it could be corrected before the product is released to the market.
2. What is quality control? Is it similar to Quality Assurance?
Quality control is a product-oriented approach of running a program to determine if it has any defects, as well as making sure that the software meets all of the requirements put forth by the stakeholders.
3. What different types of manual testing are there?
Different types of manual testing are:
1) Black Box Testing
2) White Box Testing
3) Unit Testing
4) System Testing
5) Integration Testing
6) Acceptance Testing
4. What are the different levels of manual testing?
There are four levels of manual testing:
1) Unit testing – It is a way of testing the smallest piece of code referred to as a unit that can be logically isolated in a system. It is mainly focused on the functional correctness of the standalone module.
2) Integration Testing – It is a level of software testing where individual units are combined and tested to verify if they are working as they intend to when integrated. The main aim here is to test the interface between the modules.
3) System Testing – In system testing all the components of the software are tested as a whole in order to ensure that the overall product meets the requirements specified. There are dozens of types of system testing, including usability testing, regression testing, and functional testing.
4) User Acceptance Testing – The final level, acceptance testing, or UAT (user acceptance testing), determines whether or not the software is ready to be released.
5. What is a testbed in manual testing?
The testbed is an environment configured for testing. It is an environment used for testing an application, including the hardware as well as any software needed to run the program to be tested. It consists of hardware, software, network configuration, an application under test, other related software.
6. What’s the difference between a bug and a defect?
A bug is a just fault in the software that’s detected during testing time. A defect is a variance between expected results and actual results, detected by the developer after the product goes live.
7. What are the drawbacks of manual testing?
De-merits of manual testing are:
1) Highly susceptible to human error and are risky
2) Test types like load testing and performance testing are not possible manually
3) Regression tests are really time-consuming if they are done manually
4) Scope of manual testing is very limited when compared to automation testing
5) Not suitable in very large organizations and time-bounded projects
6) The cost adds up, so, it’s more expensive to test manually in the long run
8. What is the test harness?
A test harness is the gathering of software and test information arranged to test a program unit by running it under changing conditions like stress, load, data-driven, and monitoring its behavior and outputs. Test Harness contains two main parts:
– A Test Execution Engine
– Test script repository
9. What is test closure?
Test Closure is a document which gives a summary of all the tests conducted during the software development life cycle and also gives a detailed analysis of the bugs removed and errors found. This memo contains the aggregate no. of experiments, total no. of experiments executed, total no. of imperfections discovered, add total no. of imperfections settled, total no. of bugs not settled, total no of bugs rejected and so forth.
10. Define what is a critical bug.
A critical bug is a bug that has got the tendency to affect a majority of the functionality of the given application. It means a large piece of functionality or major system component is completely broken and there is no workaround to move further. Application cannot be distributed to the end client unless the critical bug is addressed.
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